This book examines how different levels and forms of human collectivity have interacted, voluntarily or coercively, and how these transformed societies and polities. Every size and type of human collective involve co-operation among members and competition with other groups. The two most recent trends in human relations - individualism and economic globalisation - have contributed to authoritarianism in politics and inequality among citizens. This book analyses how collective action might offset the most destructive consequences for well-being of these two tendencies. It explores these manifestations of collective action and their impact on social relations and social policies in the developed world. Further, the volume sets out a programme for more progressive and egalitarian future for global populations. Engaging, accessible and transdisciplinary, this book will be of great interest to scholars and researchers of politics and public policy, sociology, social psychology, social policy and social work, as well as political philosophy, political economy and migration studies.

This book examines how different levels and forms of human collectivity have interacted, voluntarily or coercively, and how these transformed societies and polities. Every size and type of human collective involve co-operation among members and competition with other groups. The two most recent trends in human relations - individualism and economic globalisation - have contributed to authoritarianism in politics and inequality among citizens. This book analyses how collective action might offset the most destructive consequences for well-being of these two tendencies. It explores these manifestations of collective action and their impact on social relations and social policies in the developed world. Further, the volume sets out a programme for more progressive and egalitarian future for global populations. Engaging, accessible and transdisciplinary, this book will be of great interest to scholars and researchers of politics and public policy, sociology, social psychology, social policy and social work, as well as political philosophy, political economy and migration studies.

Originally published in 1981, Automatic Poverty provides a much-needed alternative to the Radical Right's analysis. The book argues that Britain's economic decline is symptomatic of an advanced stage of industrialisation in which productive processes are increasingly mechanised, but output remains static. Under these circumstances workers become redundant, the income of the working class diminishes, and dependence on the state increases. The 'Ricardo phenomenon' has become long-term feature of the British economy, and the author shows that neither Keynesian nor monetarist policies can remedy its consequences. It reflects a critical stage in the development of capitalism.

Originally published in 1976, Freedom and the Welfare State, critiques the Welfare State in Britain and analyses the relationship between freedom and welfare. The book considers philosophical, literary and political expressions of the ideals of liberty, and relates them to present-day issues in social policy and the social services. It tackles the major questions emerging in the current welfare debate such as, does state assistance destroy individual initiative and independence and, are welfare institutions agencies of social control which reinforce the dominant economic order?

Originally published in 1973, Paupers looks at poverty through the lens of class and the Welfare State. The book examines those living in poverty, and the direct effects poverty has. The book follows the basis that the economic factors which gave rise to poverty, have little to do with the Welfare State, and that fragmentary changes, can do little to change them. The book's core argument examines the political and social significance of poverty, and look at the underlying causes and effects of the drift towards a more unequal and unjust society. The book also analyses the factors which bring economically disadvantaged people together, and what happens when they join for collective action.

Originally published in 1976, Freedom and the Welfare State, critiques the Welfare State in Britain and analyses the relationship between freedom and welfare. The book considers philosophical, literary and political expressions of the ideals of liberty, and relates them to present-day issues in social policy and the social services. It tackles the major questions emerging in the current welfare debate such as, does state assistance destroy individual initiative and independence and, are welfare institutions agencies of social control which reinforce the dominant economic order?

Originally published in 1981, Automatic Poverty provides a much-needed alternative to the Radical Right's analysis. The book argues that Britain's economic decline is symptomatic of an advanced stage of industrialisation in which productive processes are increasingly mechanised, but output remains static. Under these circumstances workers become redundant, the income of the working class diminishes, and dependence on the state increases. The 'Ricardo phenomenon' has become long-term feature of the British economy, and the author shows that neither Keynesian nor monetarist policies can remedy its consequences. It reflects a critical stage in the development of capitalism.

Originally published in 1973, Paupers looks at poverty through the lens of class and the Welfare State. The book examines those living in poverty, and the direct effects poverty has. The book follows the basis that the economic factors which gave rise to poverty, have little to do with the Welfare State, and that fragmentary changes, can do little to change them. The book's core argument examines the political and social significance of poverty, and look at the underlying causes and effects of the drift towards a more unequal and unjust society. The book also analyses the factors which bring economically disadvantaged people together, and what happens when they join for collective action.

First published in 1994, Putting the Family First is a study of better-off couples that clarifies the relationship between individualism and family values. Partners' cultural practices focus on "making something of themselves", being "supportive" of each other, and spending "quality time" with children. But their economic strategies are directed towards competition for positional goods, especially higher education and good jobs for their offspring. The authors argue that, although these strategies are rational for individual families, they are collectively wasteful and mutually frustrating, and construct a narrow and exclusive version of citizenship. Such private morality depletes civic culture, and is socially costly. This revealing study provides a valuable text for students, with considerable appeal for courses in sociology, social policy, gender and cultural studies. It will be of broader interest to others connected to avoid the unravelling of our social fabric.

First published in 1979, Helping in Social Work elaborates on the personal processes of influence in social work between clients and social workers. Shifting focus from the organizational structure of social work to face-to-face interactions, the author expounds on the personal and qualitative components in social work. The aim of this book is to present a simple, practical and positive account of the elements that make up good practice in the sort of work which statutory social workers do, without relying on excessive jargon. These experiences of helping and being helped will be of importance to students of social work and social policy as well as any reader trying to gain an insight into the everyday realities of social workers.

Irregular Migration is an extremely timely and topical book, analysing the fundamental tensions at the core of present attempts to manage the movement of population in today's world. Recent events around the globe have prompted a reappraisal of the emerging consensus on migration control. Business demands free movement while nations fear unregulated population flows. The replacement of immigration control with migration management is the aim of First World governments as irregular migration challenges states' attempts to find a balance between recruitment of labour, humanitarian protection and national security. This book provides a theoretical framework for the analysis of mobility and border crossings in an age of globalisation. It draws upon the authors' pioneering research on people working in the UK without proper immigration status, the organisations that support immigrants, and the responses of control agencies and public services. Losers in the global economy, who vote with their feet as economic migrants, are making a claim to justice as well as trying to improve their standards of living. The book concludes with an evaluation of the justification for border controls, and of the prospects for migration regimes under conditions of growing inequality. This fascinating book will be warmly welcomed by academics and researchers in economics, politics, migration studies, social policy and economic geography. NGOs and policymakers concerned with immigration, asylum and public service provision will also find this invaluable reading.

The advent of the "enterprise culture" over the last two decades, has drastically reshaped the "welfare state" of the 1950-60s. The authors address one of the most contentious issues to arise from these changes - how those with low-earning power should live in this "post-industrial" economy? "Trapped in Poverty" provides a detailed study of how men and women, with children, and in low-income households, decide about employment and claiming benefits. It shows how they account for their moves in and out of the labour market, relating such changes to various economic and social factors. It also considers the gender divisions of these decisions. Based on an extensive case study of a single town, "Trapped in Poverty" draws its information directly from the people involved, thereby showing how the poor view themselves and their relationship with the community. Focusing on one deprived neighbourhood, the authors investigated changes between employment, unemployment and self-employment in a fragmented, casualized labour market. This book should be of interest to researchers, academics of economics, sociology, social policy and public administration.

The public, if consulted at all, are being asked to make decisions on incomplete and often untruthful information. Society is being conned' into believing that all is well with planet Earth, that all development is sustainable, that science can rectify past mistakes and that politicians are taking the necessary steps. Nothing can be further from the truth. The planet lies haemorrhaging and poisoned by man made pollution. The destruction of natural resources continues and we are entering the extinction vortex. Zoos are being promoted as conservation backstops where endangered species can be bred when all else fails, in reality most species in zoos are not endangered and returning them to the wild is rarely successful. What is needed is a complete change of mind set, a return for example to the traditional African beliefs of co-existence not conservation.

This book is an up-to-date analysis of the issues facing the future of the social work profession in the face of rising political authoritarianism, economic inequality and insecurity, class and racial conflicts, fiscal pressure and the COVID-19 pandemic. It provides an account of how these factors interact, and what their consequences are for policy and practice. Reflecting the author's experiences in Europe and Commonwealth countries, the book is international in its scope and analysis. It is suitable for professionals and students alike, and will also be relevant for social policy academics and researchers.

This book considers the role of social value in the making and implementation of public policy, taking into account how concepts such as subjective well-being (SWB) can be used to measure the expected impact of enacted policies. It argues that there is no evidence that markets have contributed to greater well-being, and that moments of crisis, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, represent an opportunity to re-orientate policymaking and policy implementation away from those which favour markets, and towards those which place subjective well-being at their core. Following this premise, the author explores the elements that should be considered in a future society that prioritises social value.

This book addresses the challenge for social integration posed by immigration into Western liberal democracies. Movement of people, goods and money across borders has increased in recent decades - the phenomenon known as globalisation. But it has been the migration of refugees from civil wars in the Middle East which has most transformed the political life of European societies, causing the decline in support for the traditional conservative and social democratic parties. It has triggered nationalistic mobilisations and authoritarian regimes, as well as attempts to improved integration in societies. The coronavirus pandemic has added a dimension to these processes, but also opened up new possibilities for transformation.

This book provides a detailed analysis of the economic and political implications of the introduction of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics into the service sector of economies that have so far relied on service jobs to sustain levels of employment. It examines how reliance on coercive measures for enforcing low-paid service work attempts to postpone this third Industrial Revolution, and analyses the struggles that must still take place if we are to achieve a future of freedom and social justice for all. While automation and globalisation have made human solidarities of traditional kinds more difficult to sustain, they have also made new kinds possible. Experiments in social policy, and especially the pilot projects with unconditional Universal Basic Incomes, offer a possible model for a new kind of society. The author argues that it is politics which will determine whether we can achieve these new human solidarities.

This book addresses the disintegration of collective units of all kinds, under the twin pressures of economic globalisation and technological automation. At the level of super-states, the constituent nations of the European Union and the former Soviet Union, and of the United Kingdom, have demonstrated this dynamic; and their constituent groups, associations and communities have done so too. The author analyses the causes and consequences of these processes, at the global, national and local levels, the significance of increased mobility and migration, and the politics of resistance to some damaging effects. He recommends ways in which public policy can offset some of the latter, including radical changes in tax-benefits systems, already being trialled in several countries worldwide.

The Third Way is a political position which tries to reconcile right-wing and left-wing politics by advocating a synthesis of mostly right-wing economic policies and some left-wing social policies. This book explains why the Third Way's combination of market-friendly and abstract value-led principles has failed in the UK, and it shows what is needed for an adequate replacement as a political and moral project. The book criticizes the economic analysis on which the Third Way approach to UK policy was founded, and it suggests an alternative to the Third Way's legalistic and managerial basis for the regulation of social relations. Why the Third Way Failed explains how economics misled much of the world's leadership - enabling the crash to happen - and which new ideas might come forward to fill the gap in public policy thinking. As public policy is due to be hit by tremendous cuts, Why the Third Way Failed will be extremely timely in looking for a new way forward.

Research on well-being reveals the significance of personal relationships, trust and participation to sustain quality of life, yet it is the economic model that remains the dominant basis for political and social institutions and policy. In this original book, Bill Jordan presents a new analysis of well-being in terms of social value, and outlines how it could be incorporated into public policy decisions. He argues that the grandiose attempt to maximise welfare and regulate social relations through contract, in line with the economic theory of information and incentives, is counterproductive for well-being. Instead, both the quality of personal experience and the restraints necessary for a convivial collective life would be better served by a focus on cultures and institutions. This book will be an essential text for academics and students in social theory, social welfare, public policy and governance. Bill Jordan is Professor of Social Policy at Plymouth and Huddersfield Universities. He has held visiting chairs in Germany, the Netherlands, Denmark, Slovakia and Hungary. He worked for 20 years in the UK social services, and is the author of 25 books on social policy, social theory, politics and social work.

Irregular Migration is an extremely timely and topical book, analysing the fundamental tensions at the core of present attempts to manage the movement of population in today's world. Recent events around the globe have prompted a reappraisal of the emerging consensus on migration control. Business demands free movement while nations fear unregulated population flows. The replacement of immigration control with migration management is the aim of First World governments as irregular migration challenges states' attempts to find a balance between recruitment of labour, humanitarian protection and national security. This book provides a theoretical framework for the analysis of mobility and border crossings in an age of globalisation. It draws upon the authors' pioneering research on people working in the UK without proper immigration status, the organisations that support immigrants, and the responses of control agencies and public services. Losers in the global economy, who vote with their feet as economic migrants, are making a claim to justice as well as trying to improve their standards of living. The book concludes with an evaluation of the justification for border controls, and of the prospects for migration regimes under conditions of growing inequality. This fascinating book will be warmly welcomed by academics and researchers in economics, politics, migration studies, social policy and economic geography. NGOs and policymakers concerned with immigration, asylum and public service provision will also find this invaluable reading.

This book considers the role of social value in the making and implementation of public policy, taking into account how concepts such as subjective well-being (SWB) can be used to measure the expected impact of enacted policies. It argues that there is no evidence that markets have contributed to greater well-being, and that moments of crisis, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, represent an opportunity to re-orientate policymaking and policy implementation away from those which favour markets, and towards those which place subjective well-being at their core. Following this premise, the author explores the elements that should be considered in a future society that prioritises social value.

After the collapse of the Soviet Union, it was assumed that liberal democracies would flourish worldwide. Instead, today authoritarian leaders are gaining power - from Trump's US and Bolsonaro's Brazil to Orban's Hungary - while Russia and China have turned back towards their old, autocratic traditions. This book examines the origins and implications of this shift, and focusses especially on the longstanding coercion of poor people. As industrial employment, and now also many service jobs, are being replaced through technological innovations, state-subsidised, low-paid, insecure work is being enforced through regimes of benefits cuts and sanctions. Authoritarians are exploiting the divisions in the working class that this creates to stoke resentment against immigrants and poor people. The author identifies new social movements and policies (notably the Universal Basic Income) which could counter these dangers.

The Third Way is a political position which tries to reconcile right-wing and left-wing politics by advocating a synthesis of mostly right-wing economic policies and some left-wing social policies. This book explains why the Third Way's combination of market-friendly and abstract value-led principles has failed in the UK, and it shows what is needed for an adequate replacement as a political and moral project. The book criticizes the economic analysis on which the Third Way approach to UK policy was founded, and it suggests an alternative to the Third Way's legalistic and managerial basis for the regulation of social relations. Why the Third Way Failed explains how economics misled much of the world's leadership - enabling the crash to happen - and which new ideas might come forward to fill the gap in public policy thinking. As public policy is due to be hit by tremendous cuts, Why the Third Way Failed will be extremely timely in looking for a new way forward.

Research on well-being reveals the significance of personal relationships, trust and participation to sustain quality of life, yet it is an economic model that remains the dominant basis for political and social institutions and policy. In this original book Bill Jordan presents a new analysis of well-being in terms of its social value, and outlines ways in which this could be incorporated into public policy decisions. Using new evidence on subjective well-being from psychological research and survey data, the author argues that it is culture, rather than contract and consumption, which is the key to better quality of life and true well-being. It will be an essential text for academics and students in social theory, social welfare, public policy and governance.